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Young women --- Girls --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Alcohol use --- Alcohol use --- Prevention.

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Alcohol use disorder is by far the most prevalent substance use disorder in the general population and is a major contributor to disease worldwide. Recovery from the disorder is a dynamic process of change, and individuals take many different routes to resolve their alcohol problems and seek to achieve a life worth living. Total abstention is not the only solution and robust recovery involves more than changing drinking practices. This volume brings together multidisciplinary research on recovery processes, contexts, and outcomes as well as new ideas about the multiple pathways involved. Experts chart the individual, social, contextual, community, economic, regulatory, policy, and structural influences that are vital to understanding alcohol use disorder and recovery. The book recommends new approaches to conceptualizing and assessing recovery alongside new avenues for research, community engagement, and policy that constitute a major shift in the practice and policy landscape.

Alcoholism --- Alcoholics --- Relapse --- Prevention. --- Rehabilitation. --- Addiction to alcohol --- Alcohol abuse --- Alcohol intoxication --- Dipsomania --- Drinking problem --- Drunkenness --- Inebriety --- Intemperance --- Intoxication, Alcohol --- Jellinek's disease --- Liquor problem --- Substance abuse --- Temperance --- Controlled drinking --- Drinking of alcoholic beverages --- Rehabilitation

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Alcohol addiction is characterized by the loss of control over drinking. In our country, 1 in 10 persons present difficulties to control its consumption. Unfortunately, there are few treatments currently available and they present low efficiency. For decades, alcohol addiction has been considered as a pathology that develops during adulthood. However, recent studies indicate that the roots of alcohol addiction may begin to grow much earlier in life, and they precisely pointed toward adolescence. Adolescents consume a lot of alcohol and particularly high amounts of alcohol in a short time, a pattern called “binge-drinking”. However, adolescents are more sensitive to alcohol than adults because of the immaturity of their brain. Indeed, after birth, the brain continues to maturate until 25 years old and the last brain region to become mature is the prefrontal cortex. This part of the brain is responsible for executive function and a master center for impulse inhibition. Consequently, its immaturity in teenagers explains their typical behaviors, with increased impulsivity and desire of risk-taking. We used a mouse model of adolescent alcohol exposure (AAE) previously described to induce the progressive development of severe behavioral impairments related to prefrontal cortex malfunction. The aim of this work was to use this AAE mouse model to study the impact of alcohol on the activity of mTORC1 (= mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1), a major regulator of the local translation, in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, this research project investigates a potential rescue of alcohol-induced behavioral consequences, via modulation of mTORC1. In order to assess mTORC1 activity, western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques were used. In addition, 2 behavioral tests were used to study the impact of mTORC1 inhibition on anxiety levels and alcohol consumption: the Elevated Plus Maze and the 2-bottle choice tests. Results showed that mTORC1 is activated in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent mice after alcohol exposure. Furthermore, systemic inhibition of mTORC1 rescues the increased anxiety and alcohol addiction levels induced by AAE in adult mice.

Neurosciences --- Alcohol --- Sciences du vivant > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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La toxicomanie est fortement causée par des adaptations neuro-comportementales durables dues à l'exposition répétée à une drogue. Certaines de ces adaptations conduisent à une augmentation des réponses comportementales à cette même drogue. Ce phénomène est appelé « sensibilisation comportementale » ou « tolérance inverse ». À l’opposée, d’autres adaptations conduisent à une diminution des réponses comportementales. Ce phénomène est appelé « tolérance comportementale ». La sensibilisation comportementale est un concept clé dans la théorie contemporaine de la toxicomanie et de l'alcoolisme et pourrait expliquer le passage d'un état de consommation modérée d'alcool à un syndrome alcoolique. La sensibilisation et la tolérance à l’alcool sont particulièrement liées aux conditions de l’environnement. Les conditions environnementales enrichies/appauvries, en particulier pendant l’enfance et l’adolescence, sont largement considérées comme les principaux facteurs influençant le développement de l’alcoolisme. La présente étude vise à examiner les effets préventifs de différentes conditions de logement sur la sensibilisation et la tolérance comportementale induite par une exposition chronique à l’éthanol chez la souris. La modalité sociale (différents hébergement sociaux ou isolement) et psychomotrice (exercice physique avec roue d’activité motrice) seront investiguées Drug addiction is strongly caused by sustainable neurobehavioural adaptations due to repeated exposure to a drug. Some of these adaptations lead to an increase behavioural response to the same drug. This phenomenon is called "behavioural sensitisation" or "reverse tolerance". In contrast, other adaptations lead to a decrease in behavioural responses. This phenomenon is called "behavioural tolerance". Behavioural sensitization is a key concept in contemporary drug and alcohol theory and may explain the transition from moderate drinking to an alcohol syndrome. Alcohol sensitization and tolerance are particularly related to environmental conditions. Enriched/dappoverished environmental conditions, especially during childhood and adolescence, are widely considered to be the main factors influencing the development of alcoholism. The present study aimed to examine the preventive effects of different housing conditions on sensitization and behavioural tolerance induced by chronic ethanol exposure in mice. The social (different social accommodation or isolation) and psychomotor (physical exercise with running wheel) modality will be investigated.

environmental enrichment --- behavioral sensitization --- tolerance --- addictive effects --- alcohol --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Neurosciences & comportement

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This book focuses on advanced nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage, covering their design, synthesis, properties and applications in various fields. Developing advanced nanomaterials for high-performance and low-cost energy conversion and storage devices and technologies is of great significance in order to solve the issues of energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this book, various advanced nanomaterials for batteries, capacitors, electrocatalysis, nanogenerators, and magnetic nanomaterials are presented

Technology: general issues --- porous carbon --- ternary composite --- molybdenum oxide --- molybdenum carbide --- energy storage --- Li-O2 batteries --- composite --- ORR --- OER --- Nb2O5 --- Nb4N5 --- heterostructure --- lithium-sulfur batteries --- catalyst --- TiN/Ta2O5 --- multidimensional carbon --- manipulation --- two-dimension amorphous --- component interaction --- geometric configuration --- electrochemistry --- self-powered --- sports monitoring --- hydrogel --- hybrid nano-generator --- janus --- MXenes --- magnetic properties --- DFT --- MXene --- nitrogen reduction --- electrocatalysis --- Gibbs free energy --- doped graphene --- oxygen reduction reaction --- phosphorus-doped --- codoped --- neutron diffraction --- exchange-bias --- magnetocaloric effect --- spin–orbit torque --- perpendicular magnetic anisotropy --- perpendicular effective field --- zero-field switching --- N/P/Fe co-doped carbon --- self-templating synthesis --- 3D porous structure --- oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts --- nanomagnets --- Co nanorods --- solvothermal route --- alcohol–thermal method --- magnetic interaction --- single-atom catalyst --- Au/WSSe --- tensile strain --- n/a --- spin-orbit torque --- alcohol-thermal method